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                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">牛排到底怎么吃</h1>
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                                <span class="chip bg-color">美食</span>
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                    <i class="far fa-calendar-minus fa-fw"></i>发布日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    2024-01-24
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                <p><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%871.png"><br>春节期间，相信大伙的餐桌上肯定少不了和牛相关的食物。<br>不过说到牛排，不禁让我想起了第一次在家煎牛排时的场景：<br>为了煎好这块牛排，我花费了大把时间在网上搜索了各种煎牛排的视频，并且反复观看直至烂熟于心。直到最后在厨房进行了一波手忙脚乱看似猛如虎的操作之后，我陷入了沉思……<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%872.png"><br>Emmm……好像……看上去……还行？只是周围有点焦。但在开动之后我才发现，我错了，这块牛排被我煎得又老又硬……<br>所谓杀不死我的只会让我变得更强。作为平平无奇的我，对美食有着天生的执念，当然不会因为一点点的小挫败而善罢甘休，所以今儿个唠唠这牛排到底怎么吃。</p>
<h1 id="Part-01-牛排生熟程度知多少"><a href="#Part-01-牛排生熟程度知多少" class="headerlink" title="Part 01 牛排生熟程度知多少"></a>Part 01 牛排生熟程度知多少</h1><p>牛排的出现要追述到19世纪中叶，当时欧洲的一位贵族发现把整块的牛肉进行烤制，再配合当时象征身份的胡椒以及香辛料一起烹调，香味扑鼻，入口后十分美味，若是再配合葡萄酒，则让人回味无穷。这就是牛排的首次亮相，后来这种做法逐渐被传播开来。牛肉在早期可是不折不扣的贵族食品，随着社会的不断发展才慢慢走进寻常百姓家。<br>牛排的食用有别于其它熟食，一般不会煎至全熟，其生熟程度一般分为以下几个等级：</p>
<ul>
<li>全生（Raw）：完全未经烹煮的生牛肉。这种做法只会用在某些菜式例如鞑靼牛肉或生牛肉沙拉；</li>
<li>一分熟（Rare）：仅表面煎熟，呈灰褐色，剖面为血红色，中心呈宝石红，核心温度约48.9℃；</li>
<li>三分熟（Medium-Rare）：外围呈灰褐色，剖面为绝大部分为血红色，没有一分熟的中心宝石红，核心温度约52.2℃；</li>
<li>五分熟（Medium）：外围呈灰褐色，剖面为粉红色，核心仍有血红色，温度约57.2℃；</li>
<li>七分熟（Medium-Well）：大部分呈灰褐色，核心为粉红色，温度约62.8℃；</li>
<li>全熟（Well-Done）：表面稍微烤焦，剖面全熟无不见红</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%873.png" alt="排生熟程度"><br>所以以后去西餐厅点牛排，服务员问你几分熟时，就不要出现二、四、六、八分熟这些字眼了哦。</p>
<h1 id="Part-02-牛排种类知多少"><a href="#Part-02-牛排种类知多少" class="headerlink" title="Part 02 牛排种类知多少"></a>Part 02 牛排种类知多少</h1><p>一头牛可谓浑身是宝，不同的部位可以制成不同风味的牛排，下面我们就展示几款大家最熟悉的牛排。<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%874.png" alt="牛身上不同部位对应的牛排种类"></p>
<ul>
<li>菲力牛排 Tenderloin Steak<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%875.png" alt="菲力牛排"><br>你可能不知道，一头800kg重的牛，仅有400kg的肉可以被食用，而只有4kg的肉可以被制成菲力牛排，其珍贵程度可见一斑。<br>菲力牛排的肉质非常的软嫩，其原因是因为牛在一生的运动中几乎用不到菲力牛排所在位置的那块儿肌肉，所以自然不会变得紧实。<br>菲力牛排的油脂含量不高，所以在单独烹饪时香气不是很明显，故需要额外加入黄油、大蒜、迷迭香等帮助提香。<br>菲力牛排的推荐熟度是三分熟，这样的熟度能保持住牛肉原有的软嫩，熟度再高肉就会变硬，口感就大打折扣了。</li>
<li>眼肉牛排 Ribeye Steak<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%876.png" alt="眼肉牛排"><br>眼肉牛排又名肋眼牛排，其油脂分布像大理石纹路一样非常清晰漂亮，一般中间有一块明显的油脂，看起来像一个眼睛，故因此得名。<br>眼肉牛排的嫩度仅次于菲力牛排，较为丰富的油脂会使其在烹饪过程中散发阵阵香气，烹饪后油脂会慢慢渗透到整块肉的纤维当中，食用时会有爆汁的感觉。<br>眼肉牛排的推荐熟度为五分熟，可以保证其肉质不会过硬同时锁住汁水。</li>
<li>丁骨牛排 T-bone Steak<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%877.png" alt="排丁骨牛排"><br>丁骨牛排中间一个大大的“T”字型骨头将整块牛排分为两个部分，神奇的是，这两个部分却不是同一个种类的牛排，其中较小的部分是菲力牛排，较大的部分是纽约客。当菲力牛排部分的大小大于1.25英寸时，我们则会称其为“红屋牛排” （Porterhouse Steak）。<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%878.png" alt="红屋牛排"><br>丁骨牛排既包含了菲力牛排的鲜嫩，同时包含了纽约客牛排那种深厚的风味，可谓是一块牛排同时满足双重感官，回味无穷。<br>丁骨牛排的推荐熟度是三分熟到五分熟，这样不会破坏菲力部分的软嫩，同时也让纽约客部分的风味得以激发。</li>
<li>沙朗牛排 Sirloin Steak<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%879.png" alt="排沙朗牛排"><br>沙朗牛排就是我们常说的西冷牛排，只是在不同地方的叫法不同，其最大的特点就是边缘处的那一层肥肉。<br>沙朗牛排的肉质相对紧实，油脂分布虽然均匀但总量却不是很多，烹饪时可以像菲力牛排一样加入一些提香的辅料。<br>沙朗牛排的推荐熟度为五分熟，同时记得要将那一层肥肉煎软，这样才能将味道释放出来，使整块牛排的风味达到一个新的高度。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="Part-03-牛排切开后流出的红色汁水是什么"><a href="#Part-03-牛排切开后流出的红色汁水是什么" class="headerlink" title="Part 03 牛排切开后流出的红色汁水是什么"></a>Part 03 牛排切开后流出的红色汁水是什么</h1><p>通过前文我们可以看到，大多数牛排的烹饪不会超过五分熟，而五分熟的牛排切开后，还是能看到明显的红色，这使得一些人哪怕食用口感较差的牛排也不食用低熟度的牛排。同时又因为将牛排切开后流出的红色汁水认为是“血水”，所以对牛排更加抗拒。<br>那流出的红色汁水真的是“血水”吗？</p>
<p>首先，动物在屠宰过程中，会放掉其全身的血液，即使有部分未放干净的血液，也只会残留于内脏器官中，不会出现肌肉组织当中。<br>其次我们知道，血液含有大量红细胞和血小板，红细胞所携带的血红蛋白中含有大量的Fe2+，当血液离开生物体后，血小板中的凝血因子会使血液迅速凝固，Fe2+则会被氧化为Fe3+会使血液散发出铁锈般的腥味。而从牛排中流出的红色汁水，即使放置再长时间，也没有发生上述现象。这说明汁水中根本就不含血液的成分。</p>
<p>那这些红色的汁水到底是什么成分呢？其实是70%的水加肌红蛋白而成的混合物。<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8710.png" alt="肌红蛋白的螺旋结构域模型"><br>肌红蛋白（Myoglobin）是由153个氨基酸环绕中央的血基质组成的单链蛋白质，与血红蛋白类似，只是血红蛋白负责血液中氧气的储存，而肌红蛋白负责肌肉中氧气的储存，其对氧气的亲合力大于血红蛋白。<br>高温会使肌红蛋白的结构被破坏，当牛排的烹饪时间越长，熟度越高，中心温度越高，肉眼可见的红色区域就会越少。所以熟度越低的牛排，被保留下来的肌红蛋白就越多。<br>看来，从牛排中流出的红色汁液并不是所谓的“血水”，而是一种“补铁神器”呀。</p>
<h1 id="Part-04-家庭牛排如何媲美西餐厅"><a href="#Part-04-家庭牛排如何媲美西餐厅" class="headerlink" title="Part 04 家庭牛排如何媲美西餐厅"></a>Part 04 家庭牛排如何媲美西餐厅</h1><p>西餐厅大厨制作的牛排，软嫩多汁，唇齿留香，这其中到底有什么样的秘诀？让我们来一探究竟。</p>
<h3 id="Step-1-优选食材"><a href="#Step-1-优选食材" class="headerlink" title="Step 1 优选食材"></a>Step 1 优选食材</h3><p>生活中我们或多或少地听到过“日本A5和牛”、“澳洲M9和牛”这样给牛肉分级的词汇。这样的等级划分背后必然有一套严谨的标准，由于篇幅有限，在这里就不详细展开了。但有一点需要指出的是，不同国家的标准中均使用到了BMS（Beef Marbling Standard）这个指标，即脂肪分布度，如果一块牛肉的脂肪占比越高，则这块牛肉的等级就越高，价格自然也越昂贵。<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8711.png" alt="美国牛肉分级（部分）"><br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8712.png" alt="澳洲和牛分级"><br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8713.png" alt="日本和牛分级"></p>
<h3 id="Step-2-优选厨具"><a href="#Step-2-优选厨具" class="headerlink" title="Step 2 优选厨具"></a>Step 2 优选厨具</h3><p>煎锅的材质和厚度也会对成品牛排的质量产生不小的影响。若想煎出高质量的牛排，需要锅内温度足够高，让牛排一下锅就能立即产生美拉德反应，从而锁住汁水，留住营养。这就需要煎锅具有较好的保温性能，同时材质上对人体安全无害。综合考虑上述要求，我们首选具有一定厚度的铸铁煎锅。<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8714.png" alt="铸铁煎锅"></p>
<p>为什么要强调具有一定厚度呢？是因为如果厚度不够，会造成锅体受热不均匀，进而影响牛排的受热。同时还会加快热量的耗散，使锅内的温度达不到预期值，影响牛排的美拉德反应。<br>可能有人会问，市面上很火的不粘锅能用来煎牛排吗？对此我只能抱歉地说，不粘锅在煎牛排这方面确实不在行。不粘锅底部的涂料会影响牛排的上色效果，而且很容易会把牛排煎老煎糊，故不推荐使用。</p>
<h3 id="Step-3-正确烹饪"><a href="#Step-3-正确烹饪" class="headerlink" title="Step 3 正确烹饪"></a>Step 3 正确烹饪</h3><p>随着时代的发展，牛排的烹饪方式也变得丰富多样，铁板煎、铁锅煎、明火烧烤、烤箱烤，甚至是57℃低温烹煮……方式过多无法一一叙述，所以这里还是选择家庭最常用的铁锅煎的方法进行展示。<br>牛排室温解冻后一定要擦干表面的水分，因为水分会影响牛排的美拉德反应。网上许多视频教程里会说牛排下锅前可以用盐、胡椒稍加腌制一下风味更佳，其实duck不必，因为肉接触到盐时就会开始出水，此时下锅也会影响牛排产生美拉德反应，或者你有充足的等待时间（可能需要2h），待牛肉将这些水重新吸收回去再下锅也可。<br>牛排下锅前需要先开大火热锅，待锅内温度达到250℃左右时再倒油，此时如果手边有一个红外测温仪那是极好的，如果没有也可以将手掌放在锅上方不远处，当短时间内就感觉烫手时，温度就差不多了。<br>由于煎牛排需要高温，所以最好选用烟点较高的油，像一般的橄榄油就可以。若使用烟点较低的油不仅可能会加重油烟影响人体健康，还有可能产生有毒的化学物质影响牛排的质量，所以选择正确的油同样很关键。<br>牛排下锅后何时翻面？较为普遍的说法是一面煎30s后即可翻面煎另外一面如此往复。如果希望熟度低一些，可以2min后就转小火，利用锅内余温继续加热牛排，此时可以将胡椒、黄油、大蒜、迷迭香等调味料加入锅中给牛排提香。<br>牛排何时出锅？这就要根据牛排的熟度而定，熟度越高，要求牛排的中心温度越高，需要加热的时间就越长。这里建议使用测温针来及时观察牛排中心温度的变化，当到达所需熟度对应的温度时，即可出锅。<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8715.png" alt="测温针"></p>
<h3 id="Step-4-记得醒肉"><a href="#Step-4-记得醒肉" class="headerlink" title="Step 4 记得醒肉"></a>Step 4 记得醒肉</h3><p>牛排出锅装盘后就可以立即开动了吗？不要着急嘛，这里还需要进行一个醒肉的过程。<br>所谓醒肉就是让刚出锅的牛排静置一段时间，让热量慢慢渗透到牛排中心，同时让肉汁回流至牛排外围。醒肉时间根据牛排本身的厚度而定，越厚的牛排所需的醒肉时间越长，一般薄牛排需要醒3-5分钟，稍微厚一点的牛排则需要8-10分钟。<br>醒肉的过程中为防止牛排外表面的温度降低影响口感，可以用锡纸或者是厚的毛巾进行包裹，即可有效保温。<br><img src="/programming/images/%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F-%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%90%83/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8716.png" alt="用锡纸包裹进行醒肉"><br>至此，一份美味的牛排才算制作完成，能不能和西餐厅媲美我不知道，但在周围朋友面前露两手绝对是绰绰有余啦。</p>

                
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